Freedom Day – 31 March 1979

In the summer of 1798, the Maltese people, frustrated by the presence and policies of the French Revolutionary forces occupying their islands, rose in revolt. The Maltese sought support from Ferdinand I, the King of the Two Sicilies, to aid in their resistance against the French. As the uprising gained momentum, British and Portuguese ships were dispatched to assist in blockading the French forces in Malta. This blockade, along with the Maltese resistance, culminating in a gruellingtwo-year siege that forced the French to surrender in 1800.

The British presence in Malta, initially intended as temporary support against the French, evolved into something much more enduring. With the Treaty of Paris in 1814, Malta was formally ceded to Britain, becoming a British colony. This agreement marked the beginning of a significant British influence on the islands, which would last for the next 150 years. Throughout this period, Malta became an important naval base and a strategic stronghold within the British Empire, influencing the island's language, legal systems, and infrastructure.

Under British rule, Malta grew into a strategically vital naval base, particularly for the British Mediterranean Fleet. Its prime location in the central Mediterranean allowed Britain to project its naval power effectively across the region. During World War I, Malta’s importance shifted somewhat from purely military functions to medical support; it became a major hospital base for Allied troops. The vast number of wounded soldiers treated on the islands earned Malta the title of the “Nurse of the Mediterranean,” reflecting its compassionate role in the war effort.

World War II, however, brought a much harsher reality for Malta. Positioned as a critical Allied stronghold, Malta faced relentless Axis bombing campaigns as German and Italian forces sought to neutralize its strategic value. For more than two years, the islands endured continuous air raids and blockades, leading to severe shortages of food and supplies. Despite the extreme hardships, the Maltese people’s resilience was unwavering. In recognition of their bravery and determination, King George VI awarded the entire population of Malta the George Cross in 1942, an honour symbolizing collective courage and sacrifice.

After World War II, as the winds of decolonization swept through the British Empire, Malta began its journey toward self-governance and independence. Following negotiations that reflected Malta’s desire for autonomy and its changing relationship with Britain, independence was formally granted on 21 September 1964. Malta became a sovereign nation within the British Commonwealth, symbolizing a new chapter in its history. However, due to Cold War tensions and the island's strategic location, the British retained their military bases on Maltese soil, maintaining a presence to support Western defence interests in the Mediterranean.

On 31 March 1979, Malta celebrated a significant moment in its history as the contract allowing British military bases on the island officially expired, marking the end of nearly two centuries of British military presence. Known as Jum il-Ħelsien, or Freedom Day, this event signified Malta’s full sovereignty and freedom from foreign military influence.

The historic ceremony took place at Vittoriosa, in front of the Freedom Monument, a symbol of Malta’s long struggle for self-determination and independence. Prime Minister Dom Mintoffled the ceremony. Thousands gathered, filling the streets in a show of national pride and unity, eager to witness the moment that officially marked Malta’s transition to a fully independent nation, free from any foreign military forces.

Freedom Day has since become a national holiday in Malta, celebrated annually on 31 March, serving as a reminder of the country’s journey to sovereignty and independence.

The following day, 1 April, the last British forces departed from the island, marking the end of nearly two centuries of British military presence. 

Commemorating Freedom Day

Freedom Day marks a significant chapter in Malta's history, celebrated annually with ceremonies held in various locations across the island. This national event honours Malta’s journey to full independence and the end of foreign military presence, bringing communities together to reflect on the country’s hard-won sovereignty.

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​In preparation for Freedom Day, the Malta Police Force and the Armed Forces of Malta host an annual musical display at St. George’s Square in Valletta. This event is followed by a series of commemorative ceremonies held at the War Memorial in Floriana and the Freedom Day Monument in Vittoriosa. During these ceremonies, government officials and dignitaries, including the President, Prime Minister, and Opposition Leader, lay floral tributes at the memorials and deliver speeches in remembrance. The ceremonies also feature a band march by the Armed Forces of Malta, concluding with the Maltese National Anthem.

One of the most anticipated events of Freedom Day is the Regatta organized by the Malta Rowing Association. This lively competition brings together rowing teams from coastal towns across Malta, including Valletta, Vittoriosa (Birgu), Senglea (Isla), and Cospicua (Bormla), who face off in thrilling races within the iconic Grand Harbour. Following the races, the prestigious honorary shield is awarded to the top-ranking teams, celebrating their skill and the spirit of friendly rivalry among Malta's coastal communities.